An Introduction of civil engineering and civil engineering scope:-

 Civil Engineering -

1.  An area of study that involves the investigation, design, construction, and maintenance of buildings and infrastructural systems— is a branch that encompasses a myriad of projects including but not limited to buildings, bridges, roads, dams, airports, tunnels and water supply systems.

2.  The engineers involved apply physical laws such as the principles of mechanics and scientific information from geologists on earth materials or climatologists on weather patterns in order to create these structures which will ensure safety first while also taking into account social needs (sustainability), cost-effectiveness (assurance) among others.

3.     Most times civil engineers work closely with architects who bring aesthetic appeal into consideration through designs that would complement surrounding landscapes aesthetically appealing; urban planners are concerned about how these works fit within an overall urban environment plus any transportation needs it might generate or environmental engineers interested in minimizing negative impacts upon local ecosystems.

The scope of civil engineering is vast and it incorporates various subjects. There are a few key areas in civil engineering that one must be aware of:

 

1.      Planning construction organization, managing construction projects and making sure they comply with safety standards as well as being completed within time limits while meeting budget requirements.

2.      Coastal Engineering: Coastal engineers are concerned with the design and management of coastal structures and systems to protect the coast from erosion, mitigate the effects of storms and tsunamis, and support activities such as port development and beach nourishment.

3.      Geo-technical Engineering: Those in the geo-technical sector undertake a study on the behavior of soil and rock materials so as to be able to design proper foundations for buildings, effective slopes for roads and embankments, and structurally sound retaining walls and dams.

4.      Environmental engineering is another branch of civil engineering that looks at issues of water and wastewater treatment, solid waste management, pollution control activities and environmental remediation approaches in order to preserve or improve the quality of the environment.

 

Author

Prof. Akshay Jain

HOD, Civil Engineering

NIIST, Bhopal (M.P)

Enhancing Intrusion Detection Performance through Deep Learning Method

Enhancing Intrusion Detection Performance through Deep Learning Method

In the realm of cyber and data security, the field of intrusion detection systems (IDS) stands out as an area of active research. Traditional methods, such as data mining, statistical evaluation, and artificial neural networks, face significant challenges in achieving accurate intrusion detection. However, the emergence of machine learning algorithms offers promising solutions to this challenge. This paper presents a novel approach to intrusion detection, focusing on leveraging deep learning methodologies. Deep learning, as an extension of machine learning, holds the potential to enhance the accuracy of IDS. The proposed method employs a cascaded three-level convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture. Efficiency and scalability in intrusion detection hinge upon effective feature reduction. By streamlining features, the capacity for intrusion classification and attack detection is significantly enhanced. Notably, when applied to datasets like KDDCUP99 with diverse attributes, the proposed algorithm achieves a detection ratio nearing 100%, albeit with a slightly lower classification ratio due to attribute diversity. Comparative analysis demonstrates the superiority of the cascaded CNN algorithm over traditional CNN methods in both feature reduction and classification tasks. Particularly, the proposed algorithm showcases remarkable efficiency in handling dynamic attributes, thereby improving classification accuracy. the proposed approach utilizing cascaded CNN architecture presents a substantial advancement in intrusion detection and classification compared to conventional methods. Through the integration of deep learning techniques, this methodology offers a robust solution to the challenges encountered in traditional intrusion detection systems.

The global expansion of digitalization has interconnected the world into a single platform known as the cyber world. This encompassing digital realm includes all tools and platforms utilized for data sharing and transmission over the internet. However, the exchange of data within this vast information highway necessitates robust security systems to ensure the integrity and authentication of data. In response to these challenges, Anderson developed an intrusion detection system (IDS) in 1980, marking a significant milestone in cybersecurity research. Today, IDS remains one of the most widely employed methods for detecting various forms of malicious attacks within network environments. Deep learning techniques, such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), have demonstrated remarkable effectiveness across diverse domains, including natural language processing, computer vision, and speech recognition. Our study introduces a unified model called Multiscale Convolutional Neural Network with Long Short-Term Memory (MSCNN-LSTM), which integrates spatial-temporal information for intrusion detection purposes. CNN and LSTM, being prominent deep learning algorithms, excel in extracting spatial and temporal properties from datasets, respectively. While CNN primarily focuses on spatial feature extraction and has shown significant advancements in computer vision tasks, LSTM incorporates self-connected memory units to capture temporal dependencies within sequences. The synergy between these techniques enables the MSCNN-LSTM model to effectively handle intrusion detection challenges by leveraging both spatial and temporal characteristics of intrusion data. The complexity of intrusion data poses challenges for detection performance, emphasizing the need for feature reduction techniques. In this dissertation, we explore the utilization of CNN algorithms for feature reduction in intrusion detection systems. By prioritizing essential features and eliminating redundant ones, we aim to enhance the efficiency of IDS without compromising detection accuracy. this paper presents a comprehensive investigation into the application of deep learning techniques, particularly CNN and LSTM, for intrusion detection. The proposed MSCNN-LSTM model demonstrates promising capabilities in extracting spatial-temporal features crucial for effective intrusion detection. Additionally, our exploration of CNN-based feature reduction techniques offers insights into optimizing IDS performance. The subsequent sections of the paper delve into related work, proposed methodology, and experimental analysis, and conclude with future research directions.

The subsequent discussion delves into the methodology of machine learning, examining the strengths and weaknesses of various approaches concerning intrusion detection capability and model complexity. Recent research indicates a prevalent use of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) methodologies to bolster the performance and efficacy of Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) in terms of detection accuracy and reducing False Alarm Rates (FAR). Notably, CNN techniques feature prominently in approximately 80% of proposed solutions, with a decision tree (dt) and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) emerging as the most favored algorithms. Furthermore, analysis reveals that about 70% of the recommended approaches were evaluated using the KDD Cup'99 and NSL-KDD datasets due to the wealth of data available in these repositories. Nevertheless, as these datasets fail to adequately represent recent network threats, the applicability of proposed solutions in real-time scenarios is somewhat limited. To address these limitations and enhance intrusion detection accuracy, this study underscores the importance of bridging research gaps. Specifically, there's a need for improving model performance in detecting low-frequency attacks in real-world environments. Additionally, the exploration of cost-effective strategies to streamline complexity in proposed models is deemed essential for achieving optimal performance in intrusion detection applications.

Author 

Dr.P.K.Sharma

Principal, NIRT

Why BBA (Bachelor of Business Administration) after 12th is a smart Choice?

Why BBA (Bachelor of Business Administration) after 12th is a smart Choice?

Picking the right graduation course is critical. Therefore, you need to understand what you need in your professional career. If you have any desire to be a manager in a big organization or want to start your own business sometime in the future, the BBA degree is all that you are looking for. This degree has a lot of significant worth, and there are many reasons for opting for this course over other courses.

A BBA degree: What Is It?

An undergraduate student who earns a Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) degree is equipped with fundamental knowledge and skills related to the management and administration of business. BBA course typically is a 3-year undergraduate program that aims to give students a broad understanding with a wide comprehension of core business functions like finance, marketing, human resources, business law, operations and communication. Students will learn to apply business theories and principles to actual organizational settings.

The BBA Curriculum/program focuses on developing technical and specialized business skills and general professional abilities. Students will learn about business concepts and principles, leadership, economic and financial environment. They gain experience analyzing budget summaries, developing business plans, formulating business strategies, and using data analytics and business technology. Soft skills like cooperation, teamwork, critical thinking, presentation and communication are also the key learnings of this course. Upon finishing, BBA graduates are ready for entry-level management roles or can seek further business-related schooling. The degree opens up career opportunities in different enterprises and business capabilities.

 

Why consider BBA as a Career, as a Profession?

Many individuals consider a BBA to be simply just another bachelor’s degree variant of an MBA, however, this is untrue. A BBA degree has a ton of standing and value on the lookout and will put you on your way towards a cheerful and successful career.

Here are the few reasons and benefits of pursuing a Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) as your undergraduate degree:

1.      Versatile Degree

A BBA degree is something beyond getting a college education for your ideal work. There’s something entirely different to it. While most degrees, particularly at the bachelor’s level, are more about theory, BBA combines both theory as well as practical application of knowledge and personality development. You likewise master numerous abilities to make you a wholesome professional expert and put you in a good position.

 

2.      Multi-Disciplinary

In a BBA degree, a few subjects are taught to make you a learned proficient so you have numerous options for seeking this degree. The various disciplines shrouded in a BBA degree are Marketing, Financial Accounting, Human Resources, strategic management, organizational behavior and Management Information systems.

3.      Professional Certification

BBA is a totally professional degree that interests understudies significantly about getting into professions in business and management. Students can get placed in good organizations just in the wake of getting their BBA degrees. Master’s degrees can be reconsidered since the abilities they confer frequently adjust intimately with what you realize through on-the-job experience without the weighty price tag. BBA holders have the most noteworthy employment rate compared to other bachelor’s degrees.

4.      Stepping Stone for Masters of Business Administration (MBA)

Graduates from any stream can join the MBA course, however, a BBA graduate will be far superior to other people. BBA is an excellent groundwork for an MBA. You are taught exactly the same things however dig a lot further into the subject in an MBA. In this way, you know the fundamentals as well as are more ready for the business world.

5.      Significant Pay and Benefits

A high salary, combined with incredible benefits, is one of the main objectives of most professionals. A BBA degree makes it conceivable. This degree opens ways to the best administrative and managerial professions where the compensation and benefits are the best. Moreover, you get promotions and advancement much quicker and when you switch organizations, you can get a significant boost in pay if you negotiate well.

6.      Job fulfillment

At the point when you apply for a BBA degree, you must have a clear vision of what direction you want to take your career in. You have decided to get into business and management all along. Consequently, you are in the field of your decision, and this will give you full satisfaction in your work. Most of the people spend their lives taking care of responsibilities they disdain.

7.      Self- awareness

As referenced before, a BBA degree isn’t just about education; you likewise find out about your personality and strive towards its development. The degree helps you to be a strong, confident and capable person equipped for taking care of teams and running an organization. Here you are learning to be a great team leader and to be a good team player. During your BBA Course, you will likewise need to give a lot of presentations, which will help you to be a confident presenter and you will figure out how to be an extraordinary public speaker. Towards the completion of your BBA degree, you will be a more evolved and wholesome individual.

8.      Trending course

Updated knowledge is one of the most indulging benefits of a degree. The BBA course is all-around planned and means to teach the students as much as could reasonably be expected in the business world. The course is likewise updated by the most recent patterns and trends in the business, giving students an additional benefit. From the best industry practices to the utilization of innovation and the latest technology, BBA students are better outfitted with knowledge and information.

 

A BBA degree will open a universe of chances for you regarding education and professions. In this way, if you are still vacillating about the degree, take the plunge! It will be the best choice you have made.

 

 

 

Author: 

Prof. Sajitha V. Nair

Assistant Professor

Department of Management

NRI Group of Institutions, Bhopal (M.P)

Using Drones for Surveying Land

One effective technique for increasing the efficiency, accuracy and safety of construction projects is drone surveying. Construction organizations can regularly create accurate maps and models of their project sites and project processes using drones to collect aerial images and data.

The question of how drones are used in the construction industry has numerous answers. Surveyors are essential to starting virtually any project, but large construction projects require their help more than other types. Using drone imagery, they can create legally acceptable subdivisions, determine land boundaries and assess the suitability of a property before any foundation work begins. Construction companies can use the information offered to make crucial first decisions that guarantee maximum safety and legality of the project.

In the current scenario, drone surveys replace aerial surveys where aerial survey requires more manpower and higher cost, while in drone land surveys, land survey can be done by 1 or 2 people in less time and cost.

The use of drone technology is becoming increasingly available for use in various sectors of agriculture. Although this technology is still nascent in India, many companies are trying to make it readily available to Indian farmers and ready to use to increase the efficiency of agricultural production.

Author:

Prof. Sangharsh Chaudhary

HOD, Civil Engineering

NRI Institute of Research & Technology, Bhopal

Exploring the World of Civil Engineering at NRI Institute: Hands-On Learning, Innovative Infrastructure, and Industry Connections

Hello and welcome to the Civil Engineering Department at NRI Institute of Information, Science, and Technology here in Bhopal! If you are eager to know more about civil engineering and would also like to see what our department has to offer, then you have landed on the right page. 

Civil engineers also contribute to protecting natural resources and improving water quality by designing systems for municipal solid waste treatment or control devices for industrial wastewater discharges.

NRI Institute of Information, Science and Technology, Bhopal is an institution where the field of Civil Engineering is taught based on a philosophy of a hands-on and theory-combined education system. When you choose to pursue civil engineering with us, you will benefit from the following Aspects:

Specialized staff: In our department, there are competent teachers who teach with passion and are always ready to guide students. They help the students to have their education from their own experience; hence students receive a holistic education. 

Cutting-edge infrastructure: Right from advanced labs to workshops and research establishments, NRI Institute makes available world-class facilities so that students get full support in their learning and exploratory enterprises. 

Practical Learning: Our approach to teaching is hands-on learning, which implies that most of our curriculum is practically based on practical experiences. 

To see how you can use your knowledge in a real-world setting, you will have countless opportunities to be exposed to it, from excursions to construction sites to work placements in leading organizations. Industry Connections: NRI Institute enjoys broad and intensive support from its industry partners that will give you access to internships, guest lectures, and networking opportunities enabling your launch into the civil engineering career.

Author:

Prof Akshay Jain

Head, Civil Engineering Department

NIIST, Bhopal (M.P)

Human Poverty Index

An index is a statistical measure that provides data from different sources for analytical studies.

Economic indices track various economic parameters like income, health, happiness, etc.

The human poverty index (HPI) is an indication of the standard of living in a country. HPI was a

complement to the Human Development Index (HDI), which was developed by the United Nations in the

year 2007.

The human poverty index centralizes its focus on the absence of three main elements of human life

consisting of) longevity- life expectancy, basic healthcare, and infant mortality rate

II) Knowledge – literacy level, school enrolment

III) Standard of living – per capita income, access to clean drinking water, sanitation, adequate

housing HPI is measured in two ways, first for developing countries(HPI-I) and second for groups of

selected high-income OECD countries (HPI II) for a better understanding of socioeconomic differences among the nations of the world.

India and HPI Parameter (2022). Percentage

1) Longevity. 70.19 years.

2) infant mortality rate. 5.6 per thousand births.

3) literacy rate. 74.37%.

4) School Enrollment. 88%

5) per capita income. 1.70 lakhs per annum.

6) safe drinking water. 71%.

7) sanitation facility. 97%.

When it comes to world statistics, India stands at 111 number out of 125 countries in the

world in multidimensional poverty index. Although India is the fifth largest economy in the world,

still, we are still far behind other countries when it comes to the human poverty index.

Author:

Ritu Sikka

Department of Arts-Economics

Vidyadayini Institute of Science Management and Technology, Bhopal.

Election Commission of India

After INDIA attained independence in August 1947, there was the need to hold a general election to elect a truly representative government based on universal adult suffrage. Article 324 of the Indian constitution provides for the setting up of election commissions as independent constitutional Authorities.

The Indian constitution provides for an independent election commission to ensure free and fair elections in the country. The power of superintendence Direction and conduct of election to the parliament, the state legislature, and the office of the president and vice president is vested in the commission. 

The Election Commission is a body of all India. It is common to both central and state governments. The commission does not deal with the election of Municipal Corporations and panchayats in the state. The constitution of India provided a separate state election commission.

From the starting period of the Election Commission 1950 to 15th October 1989 commission was a one-member body with only Chief Election Commissioner On 16 October 1989 two more election commissioners were appointed by the president. But later on in January 1990, the election commission reverted to its previous position. But again in 1993, the president appointed two more election commissioners. Since then the election commission has been the multi-member body. The chief and the other two members have the same powers and emoluments.

Shri Rajiv Kumar, election commissioner of India since 1st of September 2020. He took charge as the 25th chief election commissioner of India on 15th May 2022.

Author:

Adv. Punam Shukla

Assistant Professor

Vidyadayini Institute of Science Management and Technology, Bhopal.

Journey of Social Media

 Who is not familiar with the word social media today? If we talk about its literal meaning, then it means social communication medium. If we talk about the scenario of about 2 decades ago, then at that time people had limited resources to convey their feelings to each other. The best and cheapest resource used to be letters.

By the mid-1990s, apart from Doordarshan, a few selected private TV channels had come into the entertainment fold; for music lovers, audio cassettes had been replaced by compact discs; telephones were used to talk and express emotions Was the only powerful medium.

Computers and the Internet had started slowly by this time. Letters had been replaced by Rediff and Yahoo Mail. People were now learning to use Yahoo Messenger and Orkut to communicate. Compact Discs were replaced by DVDs and televisions were replaced by LCDs. By then a flood of private TV channels had started coming.

The mobile era started in the early 2000s and it developed new dimensions of communication for people, which started with pagers and SMS. Now people could write small messages and send them to each other, that too in less than a second.

Multimedia phones replaced keypad mobile phones. In this, users could listen to songs, watch videos, and send mail, record audio and video. At the beginning of 2010, there was a lot of progress in the means of entertainment, cinemas transformed into Cineplexes and multiplexes, LCDs were replaced by LEDs, multimedia phones were replaced by smart mobile phones, now people could also do live video calling, many new applications. The most liked resource among them is WhatsApp and Facebook which has brought a new revolution in the social media world.

Due to this, people's social circle also increased, time was saved, and people started staying updated, after this, new applications started coming for every field. Nowadays, the main preferred apps in social media platforms are Instagram, Twitter Linked In and YouTube. YouTube channels are a powerful medium of learning and teaching today.  

Like always, one thing of science seems to be true even today that science is both a boon and a curse. Now we have to understand whether we have to use so many applications of social media for our benefit or harm. 

Author:

Prof. Manish Singhal

Head, MCA & IT

NIIST, Bhopal (M.P)

Unraveling the Power of Data Science: Insights into Storage, Retrieval, Analysis, and Visualization

Data plays a crucial role in various aspects of our lives. Hospitals maintain extensive records of

medical reports and prescriptions for their patients. Similarly, banks store detailed transaction

information for thousands of customers, while the stock market tracks minute-to-minute changes in

share values. The ubiquity of data underscores its significance in today's world. Given its

importance, effective mechanisms for data storage are essential. Data originates from diverse

sources, including businesses' sales, purchase, and production departments. These data are

typically stored in a centralized system known as a 'data warehouse,' serving as a repository for

integrated information.

Once data is securely stored, retrieval becomes imperative. For instance, businesses may seek to

analyze their expenditure on raw materials over the past six months or identify the number of

defective items in their production units. However, navigating through vast datasets within the data

warehouse to extract such specific information is challenging. Therefore, data analysts are pivotal in

retrieving and analyzing data to address management queries. Their expertise is vital in interpreting

data effectively to facilitate informed decision-making within organizations.

Following data analysis, IT professionals are responsible for presenting findings in easily

understandable formats, such as graphs or charts, for management review. This process, known as

data visualization, aims to convey complex information clearly and efficiently through statistical

representations. By visualizing data trends and patterns, management gains insights into the

company's performance and can make informed decisions about future strategies. Overall, data

science encompasses a range of techniques aimed at extracting, analyzing, and presenting data to

support informed decision-making within businesses. Professionals engaged in this field, known as.

‘Data Scientists,' play a crucial role in leveraging data to derive valuable insights and drive

organizational success.  

Author:

Prof. Vandna Gautam Sharma

Assistant Professor, AIML

NRI Institute of Information Science and Technology, Bhopal 

Need of A Professional Website to Improve Business

 

       1.      Your private venture will acquire believability

Today, an ever-increasing number of shoppers utilize the Web to find the items or administrations they need. Having a website will give your private company believability.

2.      A Website sets aside Your Money

As an entrepreneur, you most likely figure you can't bear the cost of an expert site, yet you really have to, contrasted and the expense of a paper promotion, when you consider the potential market you can reach with a website, it is an extremely savvy method for advancing your business.

3.      It Will Empower You To Keep Your Clients Informed

Consider your website to be your web-based leaflet or index. It is a lot more straightforward and faster to refresh data about your items and administrations on your site than on paper material. Not at all like print advertisements which immediately become outdated, your website can give current data and news.

4.      It Is Dependably Open

A website is accessible to both your customary and potential clients 24*7*365 furnishing them with the comfort of inspecting your items and administrations when your store or office is shut. With the present occupied ways of life, this is an incredible selling moment that pursuing a buy choice.

5.      A Website Makes It Conceivable To Focus on A More Extensive Market

Whether you give items or administrations, your website will give an elective area to sell them. Keep in mind, that even vehicles and houses sell on the web!

6.      It Gives A Medium On Which To Exhibit Your Work

Regardless of what sort of business you're in, a site is an extraordinary spot to grandstand your work. By including a portfolio or picture display, as well as tributes about your work, you can show what makes your business novel.

7.      A Website Saves Your Time

Giving data to your clients takes time, whether it's on the telephone, eye to eye, in a pamphlet, or in messages. Time is cash!

8.      It Further develops Client support

By including a FAQ page, adding articles, or transferring pamphlets to respond to every one of your clients' inquiries you can stay up with the latest. What better method for furnishing them with esteem-added administration than by sharing data on your website?

 

Author:

Dr. Abhay Shankar Mishra

Professor, Department of Management

NRI Group of Institutions, Bhopal (M.P)